Kennel Cough in Dogs: What It Is and What You Can Do About It

Navigating pet ownership can be challenging, especially when it comes to your dog's health. Kennel cough is a term that many dog owners may have encountered, particularly if they frequently take their pets to daycare or boarding facilities. This highly contagious respiratory disease can impact dogs of all ages and breeds, leading to a persistent cough and other symptoms. Grasping the ins and outs of kennel cough is crucial for every dog owner, as it can help with prevention and management. In this blog post, we will discuss what kennel cough is, its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures you can take to protect your furry friend.

A dog showing signs of kennel cough

What is Kennel Cough in dogs?

Kennel cough, scientifically known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is an upper respiratory infection in dogs. This illness is often caused by a mix of viruses and bacteria, mainly the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterium and the canine parainfluenza virus. Considering that kennel cough can spread in places where dogs are close together, particularly in social settings like dog parks, beaches, dog daycares, boarding facilities, and training classes. It is similar to a cold in humans and is highly contagious.

The name "kennel cough" reflects its prevalence in kennels. However, it can also occur in any environment where dogs gather closely. Statistics suggest that up to 70% of exposed dogs may contract kennel cough, making awareness and prevention important.

Symptoms of Kennel Cough

The symptoms of kennel cough can range in severity, but the most recognisable sign is a dry, hacking cough that might sound like a honking noise. Additional symptoms include:

• Sneezing

• Nasal discharge

• Watery eyes

• Lethargy

• Loss of appetite

  
  

Most cases of kennel cough are not life-threatening and usually resolve on their own within two to three weeks. However, it can lead to more severe respiratory issues in puppies, older dogs, or pets with existing health problems. For example, studies show that dogs in those categories are three times more likely to develop complications, emphasising the need for vigilant care.

How is Kennel Cough Diagnosed?

If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, it is important to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis. The vet will typically perform a physical exam and may ask about your dog's recent activities, including any exposure to other dogs. Sometimes, additional tests like X-rays or cultures are necessary to rule out different respiratory diseases.

Typical coughing in a dog diagnosed with kennel cough

Levels of Severity

Mild Cases:

• Dry, persistent cough but otherwise playful and alert

• No change in appetite

• No fever

Moderate Cases:

• Lethargy and decreased interest in food

• Wet or phlegmy cough

• Mild fever

Severe Cases:

• High fever

• Laboured breathing

• Lethargy and refusal to eat

• Potential progression to pneumonia (requires urgent vet care)

Comparative Diagnosis: Is It Really Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough is not the only cause of coughing in dogs. Here is how it compares:

Condition	Symptoms	Notes
Kennel Cough	Dry, hacking cough, occasional sneeze	Common in social settings
Canine Flu	Wet cough, fever, nasal discharge	Often more severe
Heart Disease	Coughing at night, exercise intolerance	More common in older dogs
Collapsing Trachea	Honking cough, worsens with excitement	Common in small breeds
Pneumonia	Productive cough, lethargy, fever	Requires immediate vet care

If in doubt, always consult your vet, especially if your dog’s cough worsens or they seem unwell.

Treatment Options for Kennel Cough

Treatment for kennel cough usually depends on the severity of symptoms. In milder cases, supportive care at home may be all that's needed. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Rest and Hydration: Ensure your dog gets plenty of rest and stays hydrated. Fresh water should always be accessible.

   
   

2. Cough Suppressants: Your veterinarian may suggest cough suppressants to help reduce your dog's coughing.

   
   

3. Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, your vet may prescribe antibiotics to eliminate the infection.

   
   

4. Humidifiers: Using a humidifier can soothe your dog's throat and make it easier for them to breathe.

   
   

5. Isolation: Keep your dog isolated from other pets until they fully recover to avoid spreading the illness.

   
   

A dog resting comfortably at home during recovery from kennel cough

How Kennel Cough Spreads

Kennel cough spreads through:

• Airborne droplets (coughing and sneezing)

• Shared surfaces (water bowls, toys, bedding)

• Close contact with infected dogs

It is most contagious during the early stages, often before symptoms appear.

Preventing Kennel Cough

Prevention is the best approach when it comes to contagious diseases like kennel cough. Here are effective preventive measures all dog owners should consider:

1. Vaccination: Vaccines for kennel cough are available and can significantly lower the risk of infection. Speak with your veterinarian about the best vaccination schedule for your dog.

   
   

2. Avoid High-Risk Areas: If your dog isn't vaccinated, try to steer clear of locations where many dogs gather, such as parks or daycare centers.

   
   

3. Good Hygiene Practices: Ensure your dog's environment is clean. Regularly disinfect areas where dogs play or stay to minimize the spread of germs.

   
   

4. Monitor Health: Keep an eye on your dog's health and behaviour. If you notice any symptoms of illness, consult your veterinarian promptly.

   
   

5. Limit Exposure: If your dog has been near another dog with kennel cough, limit their contact with other dogs for at least 10 days to two weeks.

   
   

Levels of Immunity

Vaccination plays a key role in reducing risk but does not guarantee full protection.

High Immunity:

• Recently vaccinated

• Healthy adult dogs with strong immune systems

Moderate Immunity:

• Dogs vaccinated more than 6 to 12 months ago

• Puppies finishing vaccine schedules

Low Immunity:

• Unvaccinated dogs

• Very young puppies or senior dogs

• Dogs with chronic health issues

Bordetella vaccination is typically required by reputable daycare and boarding facilities. It reduces both the severity of symptoms and the risk of transmission.

When to See a Veterinarian

While kennel cough is often mild, there are times when you should seek veterinary care. If your dog shows any of the following symptoms, it is urgent to consult a veterinary professional:

• Persistent coughing that worsens over time

• Difficulty breathing

• High fever

• Significant lethargy or lack of appetite

• Vomiting or gagging

  
  

These symptoms may signify a more serious condition requiring immediate attention.

What Dog Owners Can Do

• Vaccinate: Ensure your dog is up to date on Bordetella and core vaccinations

• Monitor Symptoms: If your dog starts coughing, isolate them and contact your vet

• Avoid Exposure: Do not take your dog to parks or daycare if they have been exposed or are showing signs

• Support Recovery: Rest, hydration, and a calm environment are key. Some cases may require vet-prescribed medication

• Communicate: Let your daycare or boarding provider know if your dog becomes unwell after a visit. Early notice helps prevent further spread

  
  

What We Do at Woofland

At Woofland, your dog's health and safety come first. To minimise the risk of kennel cough and similar illnesses, we follow a practical and proactive approach:

• Vaccination Check We require all dogs to be up to date with their Bordetella vaccination before joining daycare or boarding.

• On-the-Spot Observations Our team is trained to notice early signs of illness such as coughing, sneezing, or lethargy.

• Quick Action If we notice symptoms, we immediately contact the owner. In some cases, we may ask for the dog to be picked up or kept in a quiet, separate space until collected.

• Clean and Sanitised Spaces We clean and disinfect all crates, bowls, toys, bedding, and shared areas regularly — especially during outbreaks.

• Updates and Transparency If there is a confirmed case, we inform the affected parties and adjust our protocols to ensure safety for the rest of the dogs.

Our cage-free environment includes plenty of open-air space, which supports better airflow and reduces the risk of airborne transmission. While dogs interact closely, this setup combined with early action and honest communication, helps keep everyone happy and healthy.

Final Thoughts

Kennel cough is part of life in a social dog environment, just like children at school sometimes catch colds. While it is rarely serious, understanding how it spreads and knowing what to do can help keep your dog and others safe.

At Woofland, we are committed to providing clean, healthy, and cage-free environments where dogs can play, rest, and thrive. If you ever have questions about health policies or want to discuss your dog’s condition, we are here to help.

Stay informed, stay safe, and keep those tails wagging.

Dr. Orhan Ryan Ranjbari, DVM

Veterinarian (unregistered in NZ & AU)

Animal Health Advisor & Canine Wellness Advocate

Owner of Woofland – Where Dogs Are Dogs